Differences in the functional neuroanatomy of inhibitory control across the adult life span.

Nielson, Kristy A.; Langenecker, Scott A.; Garavan, Hugh

doi:10.1037/0882-7974.17.1.56

Cited by 323 publications

(353 citation statements)

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“…These results provide a strong basis for arguing that the increased allocation of resources to novel stimuli observed in cognitively high performing old adults does not simply represent less efficient processing, but a successful compensatory mechanism, perhaps in response to other age-related declines in neurophysiological functioning. Our findings are consistent with those results from the functional imaging literature that have shown that old subjects who perform comparably to young subjects on source or episodic memory tasks recruit more brain activity than young subjects, and than old subjects who perform worse (Cabeza et al, 2002;Reuter-Lorenz et al, 2000;Rosen et al, 2002) (but see Nielson et al (2002) and Logan et al (2002), whose data indicate that this pattern is not associated with all cognitive functions). Of note, the age-related anterior shift in scalp distribution of the novelty P3 was not different for the cognitively high and average performing old subjects, suggesting that these groups process novelty by relying on a similar underlying neural system, but differ mainly in terms of the amount of resources appropriated.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Compensatory neural activity distinguishes different patterns of normal cognitive aging

et al. 2008

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Most cognitive neuroscientific research exploring the nature of age-associated compensatory mechanisms has compared old adults (high vs. average performers) to young adults (not split by performance), leaving ambiguous whether findings are truly age-related or reflect differences between high and average performers throughout the lifespan. Here, we examined differences in neural activity (as measured by ERPs) that were generated by high vs. average performing old, middle-age, and young adults while processing novel and target events to investigate the following three questions: 1) Are differences between cognitively high and average performing subjects in the allocation of processing resources (as indexed by P3 amplitude) specific to old subjects, or found throughout the adult lifespan? 2) Are differences between cognitively high and average performing subjects in speed of processing (as indexed by target P3 latency) of similar magnitude throughout the adult lifespan? 3) Where along the information processing stream does the compensatory neural activity attributed to cognitively high performing old subjects begin to take place? Our results suggest that high performing old adults successfully manage the task by a compensatory neural mechanism associated with the modulation of controlled processing and the allocation of more resources, whereas high performing younger subjects execute the task more efficiently with fewer resources. Differences between cognitively high and average performers in processing speed increase with age. Middle-age seems to be a critical stage in which substantial differences in neural activity between high and average performers emerge. These findings provide strong evidence for different patterns of agerelated changes in the processing of salient environmental stimuli, with cognitive status serving as a key mediating variable.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Compensatory neural activity distinguishes different patterns of normal cognitive aging

et al. 2008

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“…The present study was conducted as a replication of a recently published study (Nielson et al, 2002), where inhibitory control on behavioral measures in older adults was good but significantly worse than that of younger adults, and functional activity was equivalent across groups in areas typically associated with inhibitory control (e.g., right inferior frontal gyrus, right inferior parietal lobule; see Rubia et al, 2001, for a complete review), but also greater in older adults in left prefrontal areas. The findings supported a compensatory recruitment view of age-related differences (Cabeza, 2002;Madden et al, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 52%

“…The older participants were a subset of those used in a previous study (Time 1; Nielson et al, 2002). The time elapsed between scanning sessions for older adults was an average of 14 months (M = 14.1 years, SD = 2.6, range 9-18).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More specifically, although the nature of the tasks used to study age-related changes in cognition and neurophysiology within imaging paradigms have varied from facial recognition to verbal working memory, some task nonspecific findings have begun to emerge. Older participants exhibit extraneous areas of activation and greater bilateral activation in functional homologues (i.e., analogous brain regions in the contralateral hemisphere) where younger adults exhibited asymmetrical activation (Cabeza, 2002;Cabeza et al, 1997b;Grady et al, 1994;Madden et al, 1997Madden et al, , 1999Nielson et al, 2002;Schachter et al, 1996, but see Grady et al, 1995;Jonides et al, 2000;Rypma and D'Esposito, 2000). A number of the imaging studies also report differences between younger and older adults in the inferior parietal lobule and the dorsomedial nucleus of the thalamus (DiGirolamo et al, 2001;Grady et al, 1994Grady et al, , 1995Grossman et al, 2001;Madden et al, 1997Madden et al, , 1999Nielson et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Based upon these findings, it has been suggested that perhaps the working memory, secondary memory, and inhibitory control deficits of older adults may be the result of changes within the frontal lobes (Nielson et al, 2002). Yet, it still remains unclear if these "parallels" in activation differences across studies are replicable in the standard methodological sense.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Frontal recruitment during response inhibition in older adults replicated with fMRI

2003

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Recent research has explored age-related differences in multiple areas of cognitive functioning using fMRI, PET, and SPECT. However, because these studies used different tasks, subjects, and methods, little is known about whether the results of these studies are generalizable or repeatable. The present study replicated a previous study [Psychol. Aging 17 (2002) 56] NOT THE PUBLISHED VERSION; this is the author's final, peer-reviewed manuscript. The published version may be accessed by following the link in the citation at the bottom of the page.NeuroImage, Vol 20, No. 2 (October 2003): pg. 1384-1392. DOI. This article is © Elsevier and permission has been granted for this version to appear in e-Publications@Marquette. Elsevier does not grant permission for this article to be further copied/distributed or hosted elsewhere without the express permission from Elsevier. 2 using the same Go/No-go task with a subset of 11 of the original older adult subjects, and using the same fMRI scanner and imaging methods. A direct comparison was made between these participants at Time 1 and Time 2 for both behavioral and functional data. These participants were also compared to a new young adult group of 11 participants. Although the current young adult group did not perform as well as the original young adult group, the original finding of enhanced left prefrontal activation in older adults relative to younger adults was replicated. Furthermore, when comparing Time 1 to Time 2, older adults exhibited comparable areas of activation, but significantly greater magnitude of activation at Time 1 in a few clusters. The findings indicate that older adults exhibit more bilateral brain activity during this task than young adults, which appears compensatory and is repeatable over time. The magnitude of regional activation, however, may vary with extraneuronal factors such as signal-to-noise ratio or task experience. This study adds to existing research suggesting that bilateral frontal activation is a predominant finding in the aging literature, and not specific to certain tasks in age group comparisons.

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Attention and Processing Speed

Lester¹,

Vatterott²,

Vecera³

2018

The Wiley Handbook on the Aging Mind and Brain

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Differences in the functional neuroanatomy of inhibitory control across the adult life span.

Cited by 323 publications

References 109 publications

Compensatory neural activity distinguishes different patterns of normal cognitive aging

Compensatory neural activity distinguishes different patterns of normal cognitive aging

Frontal recruitment during response inhibition in older adults replicated with fMRI

Attention and Processing Speed

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