“…Previous research has found strong associations between smoking cigarettes and the consumption of additional substances, engagement in physical violence, disorderly behaviour, and lower academic performance (Horner, Rew, & Brown, 2012;Lowry et al, 1999;Mathers, Toumbourou, Catalano, Williams, & Patton, 2006). A European study, reporting findings from 25 countries, found that there were strong associations between alcohol consumption and engagement in ARTBs, such as violence and property damage (Gatti et al, 2013). This cooccurring engagement was also found in an Australian study by Agius, Taft, Hemphill, Toumbourou, and McMorris (2013) where in a sample (n ¼ 450) of Year 11 students, half of the students who had experienced sexual intercourse had also engaged in binge-drinking-related behaviours.…”