Emergence of system roles in normative neurodevelopment

Gu, Shi; Satterthwaite, Theodore D.; Medaglia, John D.; Yang, Muzhi; Gur, Raquel E.; Gur, Ruben C.; Bassett, Danielle S.

doi:10.1073/pnas.1502829112

Cited by 297 publications

(313 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Consistent with previous literature (20), we identified four major networks: the default-mode network, the central executive network, the sensorimotor network and the visual network (Figure 2, lower panel). There were no significant group differences in the number (Figure 2, top panel), size (Figure 2, second panel from the top) or structure (based on the Z-rand similarity index) (Figure 2, third panel from the top) of the modules at any spatial scale tested (as titrated by the structural resolution parameter), even at uncorrected p <0.05.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Specifically, we found that bipolar disorder-related mechanisms disrupt the connectivity of sensorimotor regions. Typically, the sensorimotor network shows high within-system connectivity and relatively low integration with the rest of the brain (20). This connectomic signature is characteristic of “cohesive provincial” networks that are dedicated to the specialized processing of sensory stimuli and motor responses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nodal degree is a measure of general connectedness and participation coefficient is a measure of inter-modular integration of individual brain regions. Typically, default-mode network regions show high within-network cohesiveness (high nodal degree) coupled with high between-network integration (high participation coefficient) (20, 32). These properties allow the default-mode network to act as a “cohesive connector” and thus support a wide range of brain functions (20, 32).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For each individual, we extracted the number, size and structure of the modules, and we computed the Z -score of the Rand Coefficient, an index of topological similarity between each individual partition and the average normative partition (derived from the healthy volunteers) (19). Lastly, we calculated the within-module and between-module functional connectivity for each individual (20). Within-module connectivity is the mean strength of the functional connectivity within a module M ; while between-module connectivity is the mean strength of functional connectivity between a module and all other modules.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Role of Intrinsic Brain Functional Connectivity in Vulnerability and Resilience to Bipolar Disorder

Doucet

Bassett

Yao

et al. 2017

AJP

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115

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Objective Bipolar disorder is a heritable disorder characterized by mood dysregulation associated with brain functional dysconnectivity. Prior research has focused on the detection of risk- and disease-associated dysconnectivity in individuals with bipolar disorder and their first-degree relatives. The current study seeks to identify adaptive brain connectivity features associated with resilience, defined here as avoidance or delayed illness onset in unaffected siblings of patients with bipolar disorder. Method Graph theoretical methods were used to examine global and regional brain network topology in head-motion corrected resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data acquired from 78 patients with bipolar disorder, 64 unaffected siblings, and 41 healthy volunteers*, mean age 33 years*. Results Global network properties were preserved in patients and their siblings while both groups showed reduction in the cohesiveness of the sensorimotor network. In patients, these sensorimotor network abnormalities were also coupled with reduced integration of core default-mode network regions in the ventromedial cortex and hippocampus. Conversely, integration of the default-mode network was increased in siblings compared to both patients and healthy volunteers. Conclusions The authors found that trait-related vulnerability to BD was associated with reduced resting-state cohesiveness of the sensorimotor network in bipolar patients. However, integration of the default-mode network emerged as a key feature differentiating disease expression and resilience between the patients and their siblings. This is indicative of the presence of neural mechanisms that may promote resilience, or at least delay onset.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The Role of Intrinsic Brain Functional Connectivity in Vulnerability and Resilience to Bipolar Disorder

Doucet

Bassett

Yao

et al. 2017

AJP

Self Cite

115

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“…This pattern of connectivity-intelligence associations is consistent with other findings suggesting that higher global network efficiency is related to higher general intelligence measures (van den Heuvel et al, 2009) and that the across-network connectivity of the fronto-parietal network is critical for fluid intelligence (Michael W. . More broadly, our findings are compatible with recent conceptualisations of default-mode network function as critical in maintaining a large "dynamic repertoire" of possible neural states at rest (Deco et al, 2011;Deco and Jirsa, 2012), facilitating the flexible emergence of task-specific dynamics (Gu et al, 2015;Hellyer et al, 2014;Vatansever et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Characterisation of Functional Brain Networks underlying Cognitive Reasoning and Intelligence

Hearne¹

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Intelligence is a general mental capacity that encompasses the ability to plan, problem-solve, reason, think abstractly and comprehend complex relations between concepts. Measured via complex, multistep reasoning tasks, individual differences in intelligence scores are highly predictive of a number of crucial life outcomes. Despite many decades of research, however, the neural bases of intelligence and reasoning abilities are not well understood. Early neuroimaging and lesion studies suggested that regions of the prefrontal cortex are exclusively responsible for intelligent behaviour and higher cognitive reasoning abilities. More recently, however, investigators have conceptualized intelligence as relying upon a widely distributed network of interconnected nodes. The aim of my thesis was to investigate human reasoning and intelligence within this newer, network-centric framework. I conducted a series of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiments to characterize relevant networks in the brain, and related these networks to reasoning task performance, individual differences in intelligence, and the breakdown of reasoning ability amongst individuals with developmental anomalies in brain wiring.The thesis is organized into seven chapters. In the first chapter, I introduce the research question in the context of previous literature that has investigated the brain-basis of reasoning and intelligence by measuring brain activity using fMRI. In doing so, I discuss the origins of intelligence, why task complexity matters, as well as modern in-vivo brain imaging techniques and their biological basis. I then present the concepts of brain network organization, connectivity and graph theory as a relatively untapped avenue to explain higher cognitive reasoning. Armed with this new framework for understanding the brain, I discuss a number of studies that have used this approach to inform the key questions investigated in this thesis.In Chapter 2 I employed an individual-differences approach to investigate the relationship between 'resting-state' baseline functional networks and commonly used measures of intelligence.Previous work has implicated a fronto-parietal network of brain regions that support higher cognitive reasoning, formalized in the parieto-frontal theory of intelligence. However, existing evidence for the fronto-parietal theory is mixed, at least with respect to findings from connectivity studies. To address this issue, I undertook a quantitative summary of previous literature and performed an empirical analysis of data from a large cohort of individuals (N = 317) sourced from the Human Connectome Project. I found that connectivity between the default-mode and fronto-parietal networks best explained individual differences in intelligence.In Chapter 3 I investigated the relationship between default-mode and cognitive control networks during a complex reasoning task. Participants completed a modified version of the classic Wason Selection Task, a measure of relational reasoning, in which the num...

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Developmental Social Neuroscience of Morality

2018

Minnesota Symposia on Child Psychology

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Emergence of system roles in normative neurodevelopment

Cited by 297 publications

References 34 publications

The Role of Intrinsic Brain Functional Connectivity in Vulnerability and Resilience to Bipolar Disorder

The Role of Intrinsic Brain Functional Connectivity in Vulnerability and Resilience to Bipolar Disorder

Characterisation of Functional Brain Networks underlying Cognitive Reasoning and Intelligence

Developmental Social Neuroscience of Morality

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