Background: Novel coronavirus (COVID-19) and subsequent quarantine could raise the risk of food inadequacy and nutrition deficiency crises. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the impacts of COVID-19 on household food security in Jordan, determined the percentage of food security and the levels of food insecurity during the quarantine, determined the associated factor with food insecurity, and determined main food groups associated with FINS during the quarantine. Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a Web-based validated questionnaire. The Food Insecurity Experience Scale was used to measure the food insecurity during the first four weeks of the quarantine, and a modified food consumption score was used to determine the number of times the household consumes each food group. Univariate and multiple logistic regression models were used to describe, explore, and predict risk factors correlated with food insecurity among Jordanians, during the first four weeks of the quarantine. Results: A total of 3129 Jordanians had responded to the assessment and fully answered the questionnaire. 23.1% of the total participants were severe food insecure, while 36.1% were moderate food insecure, 40.7% were food secure. The regression model demonstrated the monthly income per capita below the poverty line and a number of the family member (1e4 and 5e7) associated significantly with moderate food insecurity (OR: 5.
The effect of date palm fruit feeding (to female Sprague-Dawley rats with 7,12-dimethylbenz(␣)anthracene-induced mammary cancer) on the hormone 17--estradiol concentration was compared to that of feeding soybean seeds and injection with two drugs (one preventive against and the other curative for 7,12-dimethylbenz(␣)anthracene-induced mammary cancer i,e. tamoxifen and the hormone 17--estradiol). The date palm fruit raised the hormone concentration significantly (p < 0.05). The hormone concentration was positively correlated with the palpable tumor latency, and negatively correlated with tumor incidence rate and multiplicity. It is concluded that the preventive effect of the date palm fruit against 7,12-dimethylbenz(␣)anthraceneinduced mammary cancer is related to the effect on the hormone 17--estradiol.
Clinical Nutrition Open Science 38 (2021) 33e42 rutin/100 g) of the fruits was: jujube > banana > strawberry > figs > black grapes > white grapes > pomegranate > Indian figs > guava. On the other hand, the antioxidant capacity (M trolox/100 g) of the fruits was: guava > white grapes > Jujube > strawberry > pomegranate > black grapes > banana > figs > Indian figs. The antioxidant capacity (vitamin C mg/ml extract) of the fruits was: jujube > guava > black grapes > pomegranate > figs > strawberry > white grapes > Indian figs > banana. Conclusion: Different extracts of fruits showed significantly (P < 0.05) different antioxidant contents and capacities. Water solvent was the best extraction for antioxidant contents among most of the nine seasonal fruits. Significant correlations between antioxidant content and antioxidant capacity of the studied fruits were found.
Jordan has adapted a strategy to prevent chronic diseases. Accordingly, Ministry of Health is looking for controlling food labeling particularly food fat, trans-fat, and caloric content. This study aimed to screen the food label of products that are sold in Jordanian market in terms of serving size, energy, macronutrient, fiber, total and added sugars, saturated and trans fat, cholesterol, dietary fiber, and micronutrient contents. A cross-sectional study was performed to screen the food label for the food products based on the standards of The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulations of 2016 and Jordan Food and Drug Administration (JFDA). Generally, food labels were not clear. The screened products were compliant with JFDA standards and not in compliance with some FDA standards. In addition, many products were found to be sources of added sugars, Na, and saturated fats. Stakeholders and legislators are called to focus on developing new laws, regulations, and polices for developing food label. Food manufacturers are needed to work hardly on developing informative, clear, easy-to-understand, and attractive food labels. The legislators of food label policies are called to look for ways to indicate the presence of high amounts of dietary risk factors such as sugars, added sugars, Na, saturated, and trans fats in packaged foods.
Citrus fruits are considered one of the most grown crops worldwide including Jordan with high nutritive and non-nutritive value. The consumption of foods that contain natural antioxidants is thought to be an efficient way for reducing the risk for oxidative stress diseases. Determination of antioxidant content and capacity allows the screening of plants that are probably involved in the prevention and/or treatment of oxidative stress diseases. This study aimed at comparing four fresh Jordanian citrus fruits (namely: orange, lemon, pomelo, and mandarin) for their antioxidant content (using two methods namely: Folin-Ciocaltaeu method and total flavonoids method) and capacity (using two methods namely: 2,2-diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and cupric antioxidant reducing capacity (CUPRAC) assays). Three solvents were used for the fruit extraction (ethanol, methanol, and water). There were significant (P < 0.05) differences between the fruits in terms of antioxidant content and capacity. Regardless of the extraction solvent, the fruit content of total polyphenols (M catechin/100 g) was as follows: lemon > mandarin > pomelo > orange. The total flavonoid content (mM rutin/100 g) of the fruits was: orange > mandarin > lemon > pomelo. On the other hand, the antioxidant capacity (M trolox/100 g) of the fruits was: lemon > mandarin > orange > pomelo. The antioxidant capacity (measured as mg vitamin C/ml extract) of the fruits was: mandarin > orange > pomelo > lemon. Different extracts of different fruits showed significantly (P < 0.05) different antioxidant contents and capacities. No correlation between antioxidant content and antioxidant capacity of the studied fruits has been found.
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