2010
DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.05336.x
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Multiple risk exposure as a potential explanatory mechanism for the socioeconomic status–health gradient

Abstract: The social patterning of disease and mortality provokes a search for explanation. One potential underlying explanation for socioeconomic status (SES) gradients in health is exposure to multiple risk factors. Income and class tend to sort individuals into different settings that are often accompanied by systematic differences in environmental quality. Housing and neighborhood quality, pollutants and toxins, crowding and congestion, and noise exposure all vary with SES. Persons lower in SES also experience more … Show more

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Cited by 309 publications
(265 citation statements)
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References 57 publications
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“…Specifically, our model of LCPS identifies for the first time a causal relationship between the severity of the stressful environment (as quantified by aggressive behavior) and the individual coping style with reduced lifespan, suggesting a functional explanation to the concept of health disparity typical of low SES groups (Epel & Lithgow, 2014; Evans & Kim, 2010). Our results find support in results showing how the impact of stress on cardiovascular and psychiatric diseases is modulated by a passive or reactive coping style in response to stressful situations (Koolhaas et al., 1999).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 82%
“…Specifically, our model of LCPS identifies for the first time a causal relationship between the severity of the stressful environment (as quantified by aggressive behavior) and the individual coping style with reduced lifespan, suggesting a functional explanation to the concept of health disparity typical of low SES groups (Epel & Lithgow, 2014; Evans & Kim, 2010). Our results find support in results showing how the impact of stress on cardiovascular and psychiatric diseases is modulated by a passive or reactive coping style in response to stressful situations (Koolhaas et al., 1999).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 82%
“…This indicator is associated with depressive symptoms [44] as well as with suicidal thoughts and attempts in adolescents [45]. Furthermore, low SES is a correlate of household overcrowding in the general population [46], but not necessarily in Nunavik because almost everyone is living in social housing [38]. SES at T1 was used as a control variable for the longitudinal analysis and SES at T2 was used for the cross-sectional analysis.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…15,52 Recently, studies have investigated chronic stress or stress dysregulation as a physiological pathway linking environments to health outcomes. 53,54 For example, neighborhood blight has been shown to trigger a biological stress response. 36,[55][56][57] In response to an external stressor, the body activates a neuro-hormonal cascade that results in a Bfight or flight^response.…”
Section: Places and Health: Urban Blightmentioning
confidence: 99%