“…While one study showed reduced effective connectivity in the amygdala (Qiao et al., 2017 [frontal gyrus seeds]), and another observed reduced FC between the right and left amygdala (Liu et al., 2015), all other FC results were greater for GAD (albeit with inconsistent seed regions; Andreescu et al., 2015; Buff et al., 2016; Liu et al., 2015; Mohlman et al., 2017; Qiao et al., 2017) and spanning all age groups. Finally, the majority of task results ( n = 11) indicated greater amygdala activity for subjects with GAD for passive (Fitzgerald et al., 2017; Hölzel et al., 2013; McClure et al., 2007; Nitschke et al., 2009), congruency (Etkin et al., 2010; Etkin and Schatzberg, 2011; Fonzo et al., 2015, 2014; Monk et al., 2008; Price et al., 2011), and emotion modulation (Mohlman et al., 2017) tasks, while only a few studies in adults ( n = 2) showed reduced activity for subjects with GAD in passive (Carlson et al., 2017) and congruency (Blair et al., 2012) tasks. One study investigating high uncertainty observed both increased and decreased activity in the amygdala (Yassa et al., 2012).…”