Restorative Effects of Natural Environment Experiences

Hartig, Terry; Mang, Marlis; Evans, Gary W.

doi:10.1177/0013916591231001

Cited by 1,193 publications

(826 citation statements)

References 15 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

754

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…In our study we only took one measure at each stage of the process, perhaps more frequent measurement may have revealed more robust results. Future research may also want to include other measures of physiological arousal such as blood pressure or stress hormones (Hartig et al, 1991;Ulrich et al, 1991) to verify the findings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ZIPERS has been a sensitive measure of emotional restoration in a number of previous restorative environment studies (e.g. Hartig et al, 1991Hartig et al, , 1996Hartig et al, , 2003Ulrich et al, 1991). Higher emotional restoration is characterised by more positive mood states (high positive affect but low fear arousal, sadness and anger).…”

Section: Study Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

When walking in nature is not restorative—The role of prospect and refuge

2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

When walking in nature is not restorative—The role of prospect and refuge

2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…With a few exceptions, 79,91,101,104,[127][128][129] prior studies have not applied experimental or quasi-experimental approaches in testing whether urban greening affects health and safety and therefore have limited ability to establish causal mechanisms. 64 Despite implementation challenges and longer study periods, new studies should aim to provide the highest level of evidence through randomized controlled trials.…”

Section: Experimental and Mixed-methods Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nature-Based Strategies for Improving Urban Health and Safety

2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Place-based programs are being noticed as key opportunities to prevent disease and promote public health and safety for populations at-large. As one key type of place-based intervention, nature-based and green space strategies can play an especially large role in improving health and safety for dwellers in urban environments such as US legacy cities that lack nature and greenery. In this paper, we describe the current understanding of place-based influences on public health and safety. We focus on nonchemical environmental factors, many of which are related to urban abandonment and blight. We then review findings from studies of nature-based interventions regarding impacts on health, perceptions of safety, and crime. Based on our findings, we suggest that further research in this area will require (1) refined measures of green space, nature, and health and safety for cities, (2) interdisciplinary science and cross-sector policy collaboration, (3) observational studies as well as randomized controlled experiments and natural experiments using appropriate spatial counterfactuals and mixed methods, and (4) return-on-investment calculations of potential economic, social, and health costs and benefits of urban greening initiatives. KEYWORDS Urban nature, Green space, Place-based interventions, Public health, CrimeThere is growing support of place-based programs to help prevent disease and promote public health and safety. [1][2][3][4][5] This movement is largely motivated by increasing findings that public health interventions targeted at individuals or behaviors have limited effect on health and safety outcomes at a population scale. 6 For example, educational programs that promote behavioral change among very specific, targeted population groups may not impact broader societal issues such as the actual contexts within which unhealthy behaviors like tobacco use, lack of exercise, poor diet, distracted driving, and violence occur. 7-9 Moreover, programmatic impact is rarely sustained beyond the small study populations that are targeted. When funding ends, program impact thus also often ends unless, in very rare instances, the program itself somehow becomes institutionalized or part of a larger social norm.Place-based programs rest on increasing evidence that in addition to biological and individual attributes, everyday environments have a potentially strong and Kondo is with the USDA-Forest Service, Northern Research Station,

show abstract

“…Evidence increasingly supports that human fitness relies on a matrix of instrumental connections to natural features and processes. Social, psychological, and health benefits of interacting with healthy and functioning natural environments include reducing stress, pain, and depression (e.g., Hartig et al 2008); enhancing physical and mental resilience and health (e.g., Hartig et al 1991, Frumkin 2003; improving childhood development, attention, and academic performance (e.g., Kahn and Kellert 2002); improving adult work performance and productivity (e.g., Heerwagen 2000); and reducing crime (e.g., Kuo and Sullivan 2001). The pursuit of sustainable habitats and communities, both human and non-human, must, therefore, not just minimize adverse environmental impacts, but provide landscape level human interactions with nature.…”

Section: Integrating Social Goalsmentioning

confidence: 99%