“…The sounds of infants has been shown to elicit significant activity already after only 50 ms in the brainstem (Parsons et al, 2014) while infant facial and auditory features elicit activity in the orbitofrontal cortex within around 130 ms (Kringelbach et al, 2008; Young, Parsons, Stevner, et al, 2016). This initial attentional orienting response may elicit pleasure (or distress) but it is only when later replaced with careful, slow caregiving behaviour addressing the specific needs of the infant that the deeply meaningful eudaimonic states of caregiving can emerge (Kringelbach, Stark, Alexander, Bornstein, & Stein, 2016; Young, Parsons, Stein, et al, in press). This slower, deliberate cognition has been shown to rely on slower brain activity in distributed networks including the very same regions of the orbitofrontal cortex recruited earlier for the fast response (Parsons, Stark, Young, Stein, & Kringelbach, 2013).…”